Refrigerants
The A2L refrigerant transition, R-410A and R-454B rules, what is legal to install and service, and what the change costs contractors and owners.
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Superheat and Subcooling Explained: Formulas, Worked R-410A and R-454B Examples
Superheat and subcooling measure how far refrigerant sits from its saturation point. Worked R-410A and R-454B examples from manufacturer PT charts, which method fits which metering device, and…
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Refrigerant Line Set: Sizes by Tonnage, Length Limits, Insulation and A2L Reuse
A refrigerant line set is the liquid and suction tubing between the outdoor unit and indoor coil. Here are manufacturer sizes by tonnage, length and lift limits, insulation…
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TXV Valve: How It Works, TXV vs Piston, Bad TXV Symptoms and the 30% Myth
A TXV valve meters refrigerant into the indoor coil to hold a set superheat. Federal lab data show its real edge over a piston is tolerance of charge…
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The A2L Transition, Counted: 80% of Certified Heat Pumps Now Use R-454B
We counted the refrigerant in 285,055 ENERGY STAR certified heat pumps. R-454B is 80% of combinations but 43% of outdoor models, because each ducted R-454B unit is matched…
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Refrigerant Prices: What the Federal Price Index Shows
The closest federal price series to HVAC refrigerant is up 61% since 2019. What the index covers, why no agency prices R-410A, and the policies driving refrigerant costs.
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Your AC Does Not Need a Recharge. It Has a Leak.
Refrigerant circulates in a sealed loop and is never consumed. Recharging without locating the leak restores cooling until it escapes again, and the phasedown makes that a worse…
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What Is Refrigerant, and Why Freon Is Not the Answer
Refrigerant is the working fluid that moves heat out of your house. Freon is a DuPont brand name applied to several chemicals, so it identifies nothing. Here is…
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The A2L Transition at 20 Months: Manufacturing Settled, Service Not
New residential equipment has been under 700 GWP since January 2025, pre-2025 R-410A inventory is installable with no end date, and EPA 608 never changed. Where each piece…
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Three Federal Actions in Six Weeks All Squeeze Refrigerant Supply
Two trade measures on Chinese imports and one scheduled production cap, all within six weeks. None is a refrigerant rule, but together they describe a tightening supply picture…
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Commerce Publishes Final HFC Blend Duty Results for 2023-2024
Final results of the antidumping administrative review on HFC blends from China, covering August 2023 to July 2024. The second Commerce action on imported refrigerant within six weeks.